Periodontist: Definition and What do they do?

A periodontist, or a gum doctor, is a dental specialist concentrating on periodontics, the dental specialty that deals with the underlying structures and keeping the teeth strong. The alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament, the cementum, and the gums are all part of periodontics. Periodontists are experts in the avoidance, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal (gum) disease, and they are skilled in performing non-surgical and surgical procedures to address various gum issues.

Periodontists maintain the health and functionality of the gums and supporting structures around the teeth. They are called upon to manage cases of gum disease that are unresponsive to general dental care. Treatments provided by periodontists include scaling and root planing (deep cleaning), gum grafts, gingival flap surgery, and dental implants. They perform cosmetic procedures such as smile lifts to enhance the appearance of the gums and teeth.

A periodontist is needed for conditions such as severe gum disease, gum recession, and complex dental implant placement. They help manage advanced gum disease by diagnosing and treating issues that lead to tooth loss and other serious oral health problems.

Patients seeking periodontal treatment expect a thorough evaluation, including a review of medical history, oral examinations, periodontal probing, and X-rays to assess bone loss. They must follow a detailed care plan to heal appropriately and keep their teeth healthy.

What is a Periodontist?

A periodontist is a dental specialist who prevents, diagnoses and treats gum disease. Periodontists treat and manage signs of worsening gum conditions, such as oral soreness and bone loss, indicative of periodontal disease. Periodontists possess expertise in periodontal cosmetic procedures to improve the smile's appearance.

Gum disease occurs when the tissue around the teeth becomes infected. Gum disease leads to swelling, which, if left untreated, results in tooth loss. Periodontists are essential in addressing the condition through various treatments and procedures to restore and maintain gum health. The gum specialist is trained to perform scaling and root planing (deep cleaning), periodontal surgery, regenerative procedures, dental implant placement, and cosmetic periodontal procedures.

A five-year dental degree programme is required to work as a periodontist. Periodontics is a type of dental specialist who subspecialises in dentistry and necessitates further training beyond a dental degree, which requires three more years of schooling. Its specialised training covers the theoretical and practical aspects of periodontal disease and its treatment. A few universities offer four-year graduate entry courses for patients pursuing a career in periodontics. Periodontists ensure their patients' utmost oral health and manage complicated gum-related complications because of the specialised education they receive.

What is Periodontics?

Periodontics is a branch of dentistry focusing on the supporting structures around the teeth, collectively known as the periodontium. The term periodontics is derived from the Greek words "peri," meaning around, and "odons," meaning tooth. Supporting structures are important for maintaining good oral health. They are the gums, the alveolar bone (jaw bone), the cementum (the tissue that holds the tooth in place in the jaw bone) and the periodontal ligament which connects the tooth to the jaw bone.

A periodontist is a specialist in periodontics who deals with the diseases and care of these supporting structures. Procedures such as scaling and root planing, periodontal surgery, regenerative procedures, and dental implant placement are all part of the dental specialist's way of diagnosing and treating gum disease (periodontal disease). Periodontists look after the health of the periodontium and ensure the teeth are stable and working properly. Their expertise extends to managing complex cases involving significant periodontal damage, making them essential in preventive and corrective dental care.

What does a Periodontist do?

A periodontist is a dental specialist responsible for diagnosing, treating, and managing gum disease and other issues involving the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontists maintain oral health through various surgical and non-surgical procedures. A periodontist's primary duties are performing surgeries, diagnosing and treating periodontal diseases, and creating complete treatment plans to monitor and improve oral health.

The key responsibilities of a periodontist include providing dental implants, performing cosmetic surgical procedures, diagnosing and treating gum disease, developing individualised treatment plans, providing preventative care, and addressing gum sensitivity. They are skilled in procedures such as scaling and root planing, periodontal surgery, regenerative treatments, and the placement of dental implants.

Periodontists need to be good with people, use their hands well, and keep up with the latest treatments and developments in the field. Top-notch periodontists must exhibit physical stamina, strong problem-solving abilities, and a keen attention to detail.

Periodontists resolve complex gum issues and ensure the health of the periodontium, including the gums, alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament. The dentist’s expertise in managing gum disease and related conditions makes them indispensable in preventive and corrective dental care.

What is the Importance of Periodontists?

The importance of periodontists focuses on oral health by preventing, diagnosing, and dealing with periodontal diseases and placing dental implants. Periodontists maintain the gums' health and functionality and the teeth' supporting structures. One of the critical responsibilities of periodontists is to identify and address gum disease, which has severe consequences if left untreated. Specialised care is vital for preventing the progression of gum disease, which leads to significant oral health issues, including tooth loss.

Periodontists help prevent tooth loss by performing procedures like root surface debridement, which involves removing damaged gum tissue and promoting healing. The intervention saves teeth that are at risk due to severe gum disease. Ignoring the specialised care that periodontists provide, gum disease progresses to tooth loss, which is bad for oral health and function.

Periodontists provide specialised dental care, including deep cleaning procedures such as scaling and root planing. The treatments are essential for effectively cleaning the teeth below the gum line and treating gum infections in patients with advanced gum disease. Regular dental cleanings are not sufficient for such cases, making the expertise of a periodontist necessary.

Periodontists are skilled in performing dental implant surgery to replace missing teeth. Their specialised knowledge of the gum, jawbone, and tooth structure makes them well-suited for the procedure. Replacing missing teeth with implants helps restore function and aesthetics to patients' smiles.

Another critical aspect of a periodontist's role is managing advanced gum disease. They are equipped to handle complex cases that, if left unchecked, cause significant damage to the entire dental system. Periodontists ensure their patients maintain oral health by giving them the proper treatment at the right time.

Periodontists maintain gum health, prevent tooth loss, provide specialised dental care, and manage advanced cases of gum disease. Their expertise ensures patients receive the comprehensive care necessary for oral health.

Is there a Difference between Periodontists and General Dentists?

Yes, there is a difference between periodontists and general dentists. The distinction lies in the specialised training and work they receive on gum disease and implant methods, which makes them experts in managing and treating complex gum issues.

Periodontists are dental specialists who receive additional training and education beyond dental school. They focus on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal (gum) disease and the placement of dental implants. The specialisation requires an additional 2-3 years of training in periodontics after dental school. Periodontists learn to perform non-surgical and surgical procedures, place dental implants, and provide full periodontal care during their specialisation.

General dentists provide dental services, including routine cleanings, fillings, crowns, and general oral health maintenance. Gum problems are beyond the scope of practice for general dentists because periodontists have specialised training in the area.

Seeing a periodontist is necessary because of their expertise in gum disease and associated issues. Periodontists are the most qualified professionals for managing complex cases involving the soft tissue and bone backing the teeth and jaw. General dentists refer patients to periodontists for specific procedures beyond general dental care boundaries, such as complex periodontal therapy or dental implant placement.

What are the Reasons for seeing a Periodontist?

The reasons for seeing a periodontist are vital for maintaining optimal oral health and addressing various conditions affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontist’s advanced training and expertise make them the most qualified professionals for managing complex gum issues and ensuring good oral health.

The reasons for seeing a Periodontist are listed below.

Swollen or Puffy Gums: Swollen or puffy gums show swelling and are a sign of gum disease. Periodontists diagnose the underlying cause of inflammation and provide treatments such as scaling and root planing to reduce swelling and prevent further progression of gum disease.

Gums that Bleed Easily: Gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing are an early sign of periodontal disease. Periodontists assess the severity of the condition and offer appropriate treatments to stop the bleeding, strengthen the gums, and improve overall gum health.

Painful Chewing: Painful chewing results from gum disease or issues with the supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontists identify the cause of the pain, which includes gum disease or damage to the periodontal ligament, and provide treatments to alleviate discomfort and restore proper function.

Persistent Bad Breath: Persistent bad breath, or halitosis, is a symptom of gum disease. Periodontists treat the underlying gum disease causing the bad breath by providing deep cleaning treatments and ongoing maintenance to ensure fresh breath and healthy gums.

Loose or Shifting Teeth: Loose or shifting teeth indicate severe periodontal disease affecting the supporting bone structure. Periodontists provide treatments to stabilise the teeth, such as bone grafts or regenerative procedures, and help maintain the structural integrity of the mouth.

Dental Implant Needs: Missing teeth require replacement with dental implants. Periodontists are skilled in dental implant surgery, ensuring proper placement and integration of implants to restore functionality and aesthetics.

Receding Gum Line: A receding gum line occurs when the gums pull back from the teeth, exposing the roots and potentially leading to tooth sensitivity and loss. Periodontists offer procedures such as gum grafts to cover exposed roots, prevent further recession, and protect the teeth from decay and sensitivity.

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What to Expect from the Periodontist?

Things to expect from the Periodontist are listed below.

Medical History Review: The periodontist reviews the patient’s medical history to identify any factors contributing to their symptoms. Understanding the patient’s health and underlying conditions helps tailor the treatment plan to the patient's needs.

Oral Exam: A comprehensive mouth examination focuses on the patient’s gums to check for signs of bleeding, inflammation, and plaque or tartar buildup. It helps identify visible signs of gum disease and assess the general condition of their oral health.

Measuring Gum Pocket Depth: The periodontist measures the space between the patient's gums and teeth to determine the severity of gum disease. It helps detect periodontal pockets, which indicate the presence and progression of gum disease.

X-rays: X-rays are taken to check for bone loss around the teeth and other hidden issues. An X-ray provides a detailed view of the bone structure and identifies areas affected by periodontal disease.

Periodontal Treatment Plan: A tailored treatment plan is created based on the examination and test results. The plan addresses the specific needs of the gums and oral health and involves antibiotics, thorough cleaning, or surgery for advanced cases.

Lifestyle and At-Home Treatment Recommendations: The periodontist recommends lifestyle changes and at-home care to help manage and prevent gum disease. It supports ongoing oral health and prevents further issues. Recommendations include brushing and flossing teeth twice daily or after every meal, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, and brushing lightly to protect gums and teeth. An electric toothbrush is advised to fight plaque buildup effectively. Rinsing with a dentist-recommended mouthwash helps reduce bacteria and maintain gum health. Regular dental cleanings are essential for tartar removal and monitoring gum health. Quitting smoking or chewing tobacco is crucial, as these habits negatively impact gum health and worsen periodontal issues.

What is the Average Cost of a Periodontic Treatment?

The average cost of a periodontic treatment in Turkey is around £20 - £800, but the exact price depends on the specific treatment required and the severity of the gum disease. The particular clinic, the periodontist's level of expertise, and any additional procedures or medications required for the particular case all impact the actual periodontal treatment cost.

Different periodontal treatments cost varies in Turkey. Implant procedures cost between £400 and £800 in Turkey. Periodontitis or gingivitis treatments vary based on the case, with gingivectomy surgeries costing around £20 per tooth. The cost of gum disease treatments changes case by case when using biomaterials such as grafts and membranes. Flap surgery and deep cleaning prices vary based on the individual case.

The cost of periodontal gum disease treatment in the UK ranges from £250 to £2,000. More advanced cases incur higher costs due to the complexity of the required procedures, the expertise of the specialists, and the advanced technologies and equipment used.

High-quality periodontists with extensive experience treating gum diseases charge more for their services. Some cases are complicated and require surgeries, multiple reviews, and cutting-edge dental technologies. An initial consultation with a periodontist provides a clearer picture of the treatment plan and associated costs tailored to the patient's needs.

Who is not a Suitable Candidate for Periodontic Treatment?

Patients who are not suitable candidates for periodontic treatment are cases whose gum disease is not advanced enough to warrant surgical intervention. Periodontal surgery is reserved for individuals with severe or advanced disease around their gums and the tissues that support their teeth. Symptoms indicating a need for periodontal surgery include swollen, red, or bleeding gums, deep pockets between the gums and teeth, loose teeth, pain when chewing, bad breath, and receding gums.

Their dentists offer less invasive treatments to people with less severe gum disease. These methods include deep cleaning procedures like scaling and root planing and antibiotics to control infection. The goal is to manage the disease effectively without resorting to surgery, which is considered when these less invasive methods are insufficient to restore oral health.

A dental professional determines whether an individual is a suitable candidate for periodontic treatment, including surgery, concerning the extent of the gum disease and the response to initial treatments. Regular dental check-ups and preventive care are vital in managing gum disease and avoiding the necessity of additional invasive procedures.

How do Periodontists Diagnose a Tooth?

Periodontists diagnose a tooth with periodontal disease through a comprehensive series of diagnostic tests and examinations designed to assess the health of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. A thorough gum examination is the first step. The periodontist visually inspects the gums for signs of inflammation, such as redness and swelling. They use a tiny ruler called a probe to measure the depth of the pockets around each tooth. The depth of these pockets in a healthy mouth is 1–3 millimetres. Deeper pockets indicate periodontal disease, and the measurement helps determine the presence and severity of the condition.

Another critical aspect of the diagnostic process is the medical history survey. The periodontist asks about the patient's medical history, including any existing health conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors. Conditions such as smoking or diabetes contribute to gum disease. Understanding the patient’s medical history allows the periodontist to identify potential contributors to periodontal issues and tailor the treatment plan accordingly.

X-rays are an essential tool in diagnosing periodontal disease. The periodontist takes X-ray images of the teeth and surrounding bone structures to reveal bone loss and other underlying issues not visible during a visual examination. The information is crucial for diagnosing the extent of periodontal disease and planning the appropriate treatment.

The periodontist assesses the presence of plaque and tartar on the teeth and along the gum line. Plaque and tartar buildup are major contributors to gum disease. Evaluating their presence helps the periodontist determine the necessary cleaning and preventive measures to manage the condition effectively.

Periodontists use tooth mobility testing to assess tooth stability. The dentist gently rocks the teeth back and forth to assess their strength. Loose teeth indicate advanced periodontal disease affecting the supporting bone and tissues. The test helps determine the severity of the condition and the appropriate interventions required.

What are the Procedures used by Periodontists?

The procedures used by periodontists refer to the various treatments and surgical interventions they perform to diagnose, treat, and manage gum diseases and conditions affecting the supporting structures of the teeth. These procedures aim to restore and maintain optimal oral health.

The procedures used by Periodontists are listed below.

Periodontal Maintenance: Regular, ongoing care and cleaning of the teeth and gums following initial periodontal treatment. These visits help prevent the recurrence of periodontal disease and maintain gum health.

Scaling and Root Planing: Scaling and Root Planing is a deep cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar below the gum line and smooths the tooth roots. It eliminates bacterial toxins and promotes gum healing.

Gingival Flap Surgery: A surgical procedure where the gums are lifted back to allow deep cleaning of the tooth roots and repair of bone damage. Gingival flap surgery reduces periodontal pockets and restores gum health.

Gum Grafts: Gum grafts involve tissue from another part of the mouth or a donor covering exposed tooth roots. Gum grafts reduce gum recession, protect roots, and improve the appearance of the gums.

Tooth Extractions: Tooth Extractions are the removal of a tooth that is unrecoverable due to severe decay or periodontal disease. They prevent the spread of infection and prepare for potential restorative procedures like implants.

Dental Bone Grafts: A procedure that involves adding bone or bone-like materials to the jaw to support new bone growth. Dental bone grafts provide a stable foundation for dental implants and restore bone loss due to periodontal disease.

Surgical Crown Lengthening: A procedure that removes gum tissue, bone, or both to expose more of a tooth's structure. Surgical crown lengthening prepares a tooth for a crown or other restorative dental work and improves the appearance of a "gummy" smile.

Smile Lift: A cosmetic procedure that reshapes the gums to create a more aesthetically pleasing smile. A smile lift improves the appearance of the gum line and overall smile.

Frenectomy: A frenectomy is the surgical removal or modification of the frenulum, a small tissue fold restricting tongue or lip movement. It corrects issues such as tongue-tie or lip-tie that affect speech and oral function.

Dental Laser Treatments: Dental laser treatments use laser technology to treat gum disease and other oral conditions. They provide a less invasive, precise, and often more comfortable treatment option for various periodontal issues.

1. Periodontal Maintenance

Periodontal maintenance is a specialised dental procedure performed by periodontists to maintain the health of the gums, bones, and periodontal ligaments supporting the teeth. The process begins with periodontal treatment and continues with a maintenance programme designed for each patient. The therapy focuses on preventing disease relapse, monitoring oral health, and intervening early if any issues arise.

Periodontal maintenance therapy is necessary for individuals who have undergone periodontal treatment due to gum disease. It prevents disease recurrence, maintains optimal oral health, and avoids the need for extensive repeat treatments or tooth loss. Regular maintenance detects and addresses any changes in the periodontal condition promptly.

Reassessment evaluates the periodontal status by measuring pockets, bleeding, gum recession, mobility, and oral hygiene levels. Reassessment helps identify any relapses or new diseases. The periodontist then diagnoses whether the disease has come back or if there are new problems. It lets them start treating them right away. Treatment involves addressing any remaining pockets through scaling, sometimes using local anaesthesia. Medications are placed in pockets to promote healing, and the mouth is scaled. Oral hygiene instructions are reinforced. A risk evaluation is then conducted to recommend the appropriate time gap before the next maintenance visit. Individuals are advised to attend maintenance appointments at prescribed intervals, starting at three months and then adjusted based on the ongoing health of the periodontal condition.

2. Scaling and Root Planing

Scaling and root planing, or “SRP dental meaning,” is the act of scaling and root planing, which are nonsurgical methods for treating gum disease through deep brushing of teeth and gums. The procedure entails thoroughly cleaning the gums and teeth, including removing plaque and tartar, using handheld instruments or ultrasonic devices. It is considered the second step in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Scaling and root planing are necessary when a patient shows signs of gum disease, such as bleeding or inflamed gums, deep periodontal pockets, plaque, and tartar above and below the gum line. The procedures are crucial for controlling the progression of gum disease and safeguarding against further harm to the gums and supporting structures of the teeth.

The procedure begins with a topical or local anaesthetic to numb the area. The dentist scrapes all plaque and tartar from the teeth, a process known as scaling, which targets the visible part of the teeth and the areas below the gum line down to the periodontal pocket. Root planing is the process the dentist uses to smooth out the rough areas on the roots of the teeth after eliminating the tartar. Reattachment of the gums to the teeth is facilitated by smoothing the root surfaces. Scaling and root planning must be done multiple times by the dentist, depending on how bad the problem is. A post-procedure checkup ensures proper recovery and the efficacy of the therapy.

3. Gingival Flap Surgery

Gingival flap surgery is a dental procedure where the gums are separated from the teeth, folded back temporarily, and meticulously cleaned to reach the root of the teeth and repair any damage to the bone structure.

Gingival flap surgery is advisable for patients with moderate to severe periodontitis that is unresponsive to traditional non-surgical treatments like antibiotics or scaling and root planing. It becomes necessary when the periodontal disease progresses to the stage where bone damage occurs, leading to severe consequences such as tooth loss.

The procedure is performed under local anaesthesia to ensure a painless experience for the patient. The dentist or oral surgeon makes a small incision between the teeth and the gums to expose the roots, supporting ligaments, and bone tissue. The inflamed gum tissue, plaque, and tartar are removed, and the roots of the teeth are thoroughly cleaned and treated with antibiotics if necessary. The dentist repairs any existing bone defects using grafting material and employs techniques like osseous recontouring to smooth out defects and prevent reinfection. The incision is closed after ensuring the periodontal ligament heals appropriately. The patient is given aftercare instructions to help them get better.

4. Gum Grafts

Gum grafts are a surgical procedure. A tissue is taken from one part of the mouth and transplanted to another spot where more gum tissue is needed. The treatment involves a periodontist to address gum recession, open tooth roots, and thinning gums. tooth roots, and thinning gums. Gum grafting is essential for functional and aesthetic purposes, helping to protect teeth and improve the appearance of the gums.

Gum grafts are needed for several reasons, such as gum recession, where the gums pull away from the teeth, exposing the roots. It leads to increased sensitivity and a higher risk of decay. Gum grafts are recommended for individuals experiencing sensitive teeth due to receding gums. They help prevent further damage to the teeth and potential tooth loss caused by exposed roots. Gum grafts are sometimes performed for cosmetic purposes to enhance the smile's appearance.

The procedure begins with tissue harvesting, where a piece of tissue is taken from the roof of the mouth or another area with healthy gum tissue. The harvested tissue is transplanted or grafted onto the area where additional gum tissue is needed, such as over the exposed roots. The grafted tissue covers the exposed roots, protects the teeth, and promotes the growth of new, healthy gum tissue. Different gum grafting techniques exist, including connective tissue grafts, free gingival grafts, and pedicle grafts, each chosen based on the individual's specific needs and the extent of gum recession.

Patients must follow specific post-operative guidelines after the surgery to ensure they heal properly. The instructions involve eating soft foods, avoiding specific tasks, and preserving suitable mouth care. Gum grafting is a process that individuals undergo to fix their gum problems, prevent cavities and sensitivity, and make their gums and smiles look better.

5. Tooth Extractions

Tooth extraction is the removal of a tooth from its socket. A periodontist or a general dentist performs the procedure. It involves simple extractions for visible teeth and surgical extractions for more complex cases where the tooth is impacted or severely damaged.

Tooth extractions are necessary for severe decay, which is common when tooth decay is so extensive that restorative treatments like fillings or crowns are not viable and an abscess or pulp infection has developed. Overcrowding necessitates extractions, as orthodontists advise removing teeth to create space for proper alignment. Wisdom teeth issues, such as impacted or misaligned wisdom teeth causing discomfort or difficulty in oral care, require extraction. Trauma results in irreparable damage to a tooth when the fracture extends to the tooth root and risks infection that warrants extraction.

The procedure begins with an assessment where the dentist evaluates the affected tooth and surrounding tissues through X-rays to determine the extent of damage and the best extraction approach. Local anaesthetics are administered to numb the area, preventing pain during the procedure. Sedatives are used for anxious patients or complex extractions. The tooth is loosened from the socket using forceps during a simple extraction. An impacted tooth needs to have cuts made, bone removed, and the tooth pulled out in sections during a surgical extraction. The dentist cleans the extraction site, sutures it if needed, and gives post-op care instructions afterwards. Biting on gauze to stop the bleeding, staying away from certain foods, and taking painkillers and medicines as directed are all part of the instructions.

Tooth extraction is a standard dental procedure that solves many dental issues that aren't resolved through other treatments. It aims to improve oral health and avoid further problems.

6. Dental Bone Grafts

A dental bone graft is a procedure that replaces missing bone in the jaw with material from the patient's body, an artificial substitute, or a natural material. The bone grafting material acts as a scaffold, allowing the body to regenerate new bone at the area.

Dental bone grafts are performed in several situations. Bone grafts are the foundation for dental implants before tooth extraction. They prevent bone loss after tooth extraction by filling the empty socket with graft material, help restore bone loss due to periodontal disease or trauma, and stabilise remaining teeth. They address bone loss that affects the appearance of the jawline and facial features, ensuring structural integrity and aesthetic appeal.

The dentist or oral surgeon cuts into the gum during the procedure to get to the area of bone loss. The graft material, which is the patient's bone, a synthetic substitute, or bone from a donor or animal source, is placed in the defect. The graft material acts as a scaffold, allowing the patient's bone cells to grow and integrate with the graft. The process rebuilds the lost bone volume and density. Growth factors or other stimulants are added to promote bone regeneration further.

The graft is left to heal and fuse with the surrounding bone for a few months after the surgery. Dental implants or other restorative treatments are placed once the new bone has formed. The success of the dental bone grafting method gives a solid foundation for future dental work and helps maintain oral health.

7. Surgical Crown Lengthening

Surgical crown lengthening is a dental operation that aims to bring out more of a tooth's structure by removing extra gum tissue and sometimes bone. Lengthening improves the smile's aesthetic appearance, addresses dental issues under the gum line, or prepares the teeth for additional dental work like bridges or crowns. The specific technique used depends on the individual's oral health, the reason for the procedure, and the dentist's recommendation based on a thorough evaluation.

Surgical crown lengthening is necessary for cosmetic concerns when an individual has a "gummy smile," where excess gum tissue partially covers the teeth, making them appear short. It is needed to expose cavities or fractured areas of a tooth that are beneath the gum line. Crown lengthening is required before restorative procedures, such as fitting bridges or crowns, to expose more tooth structure and ensure proper placement and function of these dental devices.

The procedure involves different techniques based on the patient's specific needs. A gingivectomy removes extra gum tissue with a scalpel, laser, or electrocautery. The area is numbed with local anaesthesia, and the gum is reshaped to show more of the tooth structure. Periodontists use apically repositioned flap surgery to move the gum tissue closer to the tooth's root and stitch it in place. It makes a new, lower gumline that shows more of the tooth. Surgical extrusion involves moving a tooth to the desired position along the gum line, which is helpful in cases where a tooth is fractured beneath the gum. The tooth is stabilised using stitches or wires.

8. Smile Lift

A smile lift is a cosmetic dental procedure designed to enhance the smile's appearance by removing excess gum tissue and sometimes a small amount of bone from around the teeth. The procedure helps to expose more of the tooth structure, creating a more aesthetically pleasing smile.

A smile lift is needed for individuals with excess gum tissue covering part of their teeth when they smile, a condition called a "gummy smile." Patients who want to achieve a better balance between their teeth and gums and thus improve the appearance of their smile seek out the procedure. It is recommended with other cosmetic procedures, such as veneers, to achieve optimal aesthetic results.

The procedure involves several steps to achieve the desired outcome. The periodontist administers local anaesthesia to numb the area, ensuring the patient is comfortable during the procedure. The periodontist removes the excess gum tissue using surgical tools, and in some cases, a small amount of bone is removed to ensure the proper contour and exposure of the teeth. The reshaping of the gum line makes more of the tooth visible, enhancing the smile's appearance. The periodontist performs a smile lift as a stand-alone procedure or in combination with veneers, depending on the patient's specific needs and aesthetic goals. Patients follow the after-surgery care instructions to ensure they heal properly and keep the smile lift results.

9. Frenectomy

A frenectomy is a surgical procedure that calls for an incision to expel a frenum that is too tight. A frenum is a band of muscle fibres that joins one part of the body to another. In the mouth, there are two types of frena: the labial frenum, which connects the lip to the gums, and the lingual frenum, which connects the tongue to the gums just behind the lower front teeth.

A frenectomy is needed when a frenum is too tight, causing issues such as tongue-tie or gum recession. A tight lingual frenum restricts tongue movement, affecting speech and oral function, while a tight labial frenum pulls on the gums, leading to gum recession and affecting dental health.

The periodontist numbs the area with local anaesthesia before the frenectomy. The periodontist then makes a small incision to release the tight frenum, allowing more movement freedom. The procedure helps alleviate the issues caused by a tight frenum, such as improving tongue mobility in cases of tongue tie and preventing further gum recession. Post-operative care instructions are provided to ensure proper healing and optimal outcomes. By undergoing these procedures, individuals achieve a more balanced and attractive smile with a smile lift and resolve functional issues caused by a tight frenum with a frenectomy, improving their oral health and appearance.

10. Dental Laser Treatments

Dental laser treatments involve using lasers in various oral health procedures to treat oral health issues precisely. Gum issues, gum disease, hypersensitivity, and tooth whitening procedures all benefit from dental laser treatment. Deep cleaning techniques employ lasers to remove bacteria and plaque from teeth and gum pockets in cases of gum disease.

The laser used in dental operations emits a tiny, focused beam of light energy precisely directed at the target tissue. The laser degrades plaque, germs, and decaying tissue while causing minimal damage to good cells. Dental lasers are utilised on hard tissues (teeth) and soft tissues (gums) since they use light with distinct wavelengths. It ensures the treatments go smoothly and the patient experiences minimal discomfort. Advanced technology enables more precise and minimally invasive dental laser treatments, leading to shorter healing times and less post-treatment sensitivity.

What to Expect after a Periodontic Procedure?

A patient expects several things after a periodontic procedure, such as stitches, medications, follow-up appointments, changes in sensitivity, and lifestyle during recovery. The periodontist stitches the gums back into place using fine thread stitches but removes them 7 to 10 days after the surgery. The gums look and feel different as they heal and tighten. The healing process continues for several weeks.

The patient experiences discomfort and pain. Pain relief medications are necessary in the days following gum surgery. The periodontist provides detailed instructions on managing the pain and promoting a smooth recovery, including using prescribed pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications.

The periodontist schedules a follow-up appointment 1-2 weeks after the surgery to check on the healing progress. The periodontist checks on the gums' progress and removes any stitches in place during the appointment. Additional follow-up visits are scheduled to ensure proper healing and address concerns.

Some individuals experience sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures after the procedure. Using desensitising toothpaste helps alleviate the sensitivity as the gums and teeth heal and strengthen. The sensitivity decreases over time.

The dentist recommends specific post-operative care instructions to ensure proper healing. Antiseptic mouthwash must be used to keep the area clean and prevent infection. Heavy exercise must be avoided to lower the risk of bleeding and swelling. Soft foods must be eaten in the days after surgery to keep the area from getting sore, and smoking must be avoided to speed up the healing process.

The dentist discusses a follow-up schedule to maintain good oral health in the future. The patient needs to follow these recommendations to prevent future gum disease and complications. The plan includes regular dental check-ups, professional cleanings, and proper oral hygiene practices at home.

Dental procedures are covered by insurance or not. The patient must speak with the insurance carrier to understand the dental benefits and determine the expected out-of-pocket costs. Planning for potential financial responsibilities helps manage the costs associated with periodontic procedures.

What are the Advantages of Periodontal Treatment?

The advantages of Periodontal treatment are listed below.

Enhanced Oral Health: Periodontal treatment improves the health of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Upholding excellent oral health is vital for keeping the mouth healthy.

Beautiful, Healthy Smile: Proper periodontal medical care aligns and cleans the gums, enhancing the smile's look. It contributes to a more attractive and confident smile, boosting self-esteem and look.

Fresher Breath: Periodontal treatments address the buildup of plaque, bacteria, and other debris along the gum line that causes bad breath. Deep cleaning and tartar removal restore natural, fresh breath, reduce halitosis and improve social interactions.

Early Detection of Oral Health Problems: Regular dental checkups and examinations during periodontal treatments help identify potential oral health issues early. Early detection allows prompt intervention, preventing serious complications and maintaining optimal oral health.

Removal of Tartar and Plaque Buildup: Periodontal treatments focus on removing deposits of tartar and plaque above and below the gum line. Professional removal of these deposits prevents significant dental problems, such as cavities and gum disease, promoting long-term dental health.

Improved Overall Well-Being: Proper oral health through periodontal treatments positively impacts health. The health benefits of better oral health extend to a reduced chance of developing systemic health problems such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Prevention of Tooth Loss: Periodontal treatments fortify the jawbone and gums, preventing teeth from falling out. Periodontal therapy stops tooth loss and keeps a full set of healthy teeth by dealing with gum disease and other problems.

Better Gum Health: Targeted methods for addressing gum issues, such as scaling and root planing, focus on improving the condition of gums. Healthy gums promote a pain-free oral environment, which leads to less bleeding, swelling, and discomfort.

What are the Risks of a Periodontic Treatment?

The risks of periodontic treatment include bleeding, infection, pain sensitivity, gum recession, and other complications. Increased bleeding occurs during and after the procedures. Infection is another risk associated with periodontal treatments, requiring prompt attention and management if symptoms arise. Post-treatment pain is typical, as patients experience discomfort following periodontal procedures.

Specific treatments, such as scaling and root planing, increase tooth sensitivity, making them more susceptible to hot and cold temperatures. Gum recession is another potential risk, where the gum line recedes and exposes more of the tooth structure. Other complications include prolonged bleeding, swelling, and damage to existing dental restorations.

Patients must discuss the risks with their dental professional and follow all post-treatment instructions to minimise the likelihood of complications. Understanding the risks and following the dentist's post-treatment care instructions help patients recover more quickly and maintain good oral health.

Are Procedures Performed by Periodontists Painful?

Yes, procedures performed by periodontists are painful, but the level of pain experienced varies depending on the specific treatment and individual factors.

The pain level associated with periodontal treatment depends on three factors such as the severity of gum disease, the type of procedure being performed, and individual pain tolerance. Certain periodontal treatments, like scaling and root planing (deep cleaning), are painless, but some patients experience mild discomfort or sensitivity afterward. Procedures like laser gum treatment are minimally invasive and require minimal anaesthesia, reducing discomfort compared to traditional methods.

Postoperative pain is a common side effect of more invasive procedures, but it is manageable with medication. One such procedure is pocket reduction surgery, known as flap surgery. Factors like the extent of infection, inflammation, individual pain threshold, and dental anxiety influence the perceived pain during periodontal procedures.

Dentist Dr. Dt. Erdem CETIN

He started his professional career in a private practice in Antalya in 2005 and served there until 2012. Between 2012 and 2016, he continued his work as a partner at the institution named KlinikAntalya. In 2016, he founded Myra Dental Centre Turkey and continues his professional activities there. Additionally, he has strengthened his expertise in the field with his membership in the International Congress of Oral Implantology (ICOI).

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